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Tajikistan

Tajikistan is a beautiful, sunny corner with a grand and maiden nature, sharp pointed mountain nodes of the Pamirs and Tien Shan, unique hospitality, good nature and colourful traditions of the local people. The highest mountain peaks of Central Asia are sky-high and it is here the greatest glaciers make up stream. Highest mountains feeding most rivers in Central Asia, picturesque gorges, hot valleys with subtropical climate, where cotton fields replace vineyards, apricot orchards, deserted high mountain plateaus, competing with Siberia on winter severity – this is all Tajikistan, sovereign developing country.

This unitary and multiethnic state formed on 16th of October 1929, when the Tajik Autonomous SSR secede from Uzbek SSR as a union republic and as a part of USSR. On 9th September 1991 Tajikistan gained state independence.

By administrative division the republic consists of the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast (GBAO), Soghd and Khatlon regions as well as cities and districts of the republican subordination (RRS). The capital of Tajikistan is Dushanbe city. According to the Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan, the supreme legislative and representative body of the country is the parliament of the Republic (Majlisi Oli), consisting of the upper chamber – Majlisi milli and lower – Majlisi namoyandagon (representative). Deputies of the Majlisi namoyandagon are elected through national election for the term of five years, members of the Majlisi milli are partly assigned by the President (8 people), and partly half are elected by electors (25 people – by 5  from GBAO, Khatlon, Soghd regions, Dushanbe and RRS). Moreover, all the former Presidents are lifelong members of the Majlisi Milli, if they do not express wish to refuse this right. The supreme executive body of the republic if the Government of Tajikistan, headed by the President of the country. The president of the Republic of Tajikistan (RT) is elected through national election for seven years. 
The national flag of Tajikistan was officially accepted in 1992. The state emblem was accepted on 28 December 1993. State language is Tajik, called Tajik dialect of the Persian language. The language belongs to the Iranian branch of Indo-Iranian languages of the Indo-European family.  
National monetary unit of Tajikistan - 1 somoni (equal to 100 dirams). Banknotes with a face value of 1,5,20, 50 dirams and 1, 5,10, 20 and 100 somoni are in circulation. 

More than 80 nationalities live in Tajikistan including Tajiks - 80%, Uzbeks 15,3%, Russians– 1,1% and Tartars – 0,3%. Overwhelming majority of Tajiks profess Islam of the Sunni persuasion. In Gorno Badakhshan, the Shi’a persuasion of Ismailis is mostly spread.

Tajikistan is unique by rich resources of minerals. More than 400 deposits are explored in the country and about hundred out of them are exploited, where forty types of minerals, fuel, ore and non-metallic minerals are extracted. By its reserves of copper, gold, lead, zinc, bismuth, strontium, antimony, tungsten, natural gas, black coal and mineral waters Tajikistan holds one of the leading positions in the world. Particularly the reserves of salts, facing, semi-precious and precious stones are very big. The country is known by different mineral waters, which made it possible to open big sanatoriums, health resorts and sanatoriums like: «Khoja Obigarm», «Yavroz», «Shaambari», «Kaltuch», «Zumrad», «Garm Chashma» and etc.
Tajikistan is famous with its rich history; descendents of Bactria and Sogdiana laid down the outset of ancient and wonderful civilisation. 

Today, modern Tajikistan preserves the historical and cultural heritage, revives original handicraft traditions. Until now, in many ancient cities of the republic the well-known dynasties of masters of gold-embroidery, silk, batik,  embroiderers of skullcap, jewellers, masters of cold arms, masters-ceramists, whose products are known all over the world. The country does not only revives the monuments of the Zoroastrian period but also preserves teh language and traditions of the ancient Soghdians who live in a settlement called Yaghnob, located 120 km away from Dushanbe. Yaghnobis, descendents of the Soghdian merchants, who settled down in the village Pskon are also descendents of the ancient Iranian tribes of Eurasia: Alanis, Sarmatians and Scitians. The modern language of Yaghnob people goes back to the ancient soghdian language, which was spoken (Scitian-sarmatian dialect group) in Central Asia. The only other living representative of this branch of Iranian languages is one of the dialects of Ossetian language. In fact an independent from the Bagdad caliphate feudal Tajik state of Samanids formed at the end of the IX century. During the period of its highest growth it stretched from the desserts of the Central Asia to Persian gulf and from the borders of India to the territory of Bagdad. During the Samanids period the process of the Tajik nation formation completed and its language became dominating. The Samanids state peacefully ruled for more than 100 years and this was truly the epoch of Renascence that gave the world the prominent humanists such as the founder of the Persian-Tajik poetry – Rudaki, the creator of the immortal poem «Shahname» - Firdowsi, and worldly known scientist-encyclopaedist Abu Ali ibn Sina (Avicenna).

It is impossible to tell about the history of Tajikistan within the frame of our website, to bring out all the ancient cities that intertwined the life of great civilizations in them and also express by words the beauty of this wonderful country. We invite you to join us in this journey to this country, which will give you unexplored feelings, familiarise you with the history puzzles and make your holiday truly unforgettable and full of impressions!


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